Means for synchronizing rotary devices.



G. Mi YONKEN @.R. BENJAMIN. MEANS Foa sYNcHRoNlzlNG ROTARY DEv|cEs. APPLICATIONl FILE'D IAN. 5, 1915.

Ptented Mar. 25,1919. f

IO SHEETS-SHEET L G- M. YORKE & G. R. BENJAMiN. vMEANS FOB SYNCHRONIZING ROTARYfDEVICES.. yAPPLICATION Flyin iAN. 5, 19m

Patented Mar. 25, '1919. Y

1b SHEETS-SHEET 2.

lill'illlVllIl-IIIJIIII QG. M. YORKE & G. R. BENJAMIN.

MEANS FOR sYNCHRoNlzING ROTARY DEVICES.

APPLICATION FILED J'AN. 5. 1915. l i Patented Mar.,25,1919.-

- I nu? G.' M.- YORKE IGI R. BENJAMIN. MEAIIS FOR SYI\ICII RONIZING ROTARY DEVICES.

Y Patented Mar. 25,1919.I

. APPLICATION FILED IAN. v5, I9I5. 1,298,622.

@nw/Miou' @may G. M.YQRKE `& G. R.BEN1AM:IN. MEANS FOR SYNCHRONIZING ROTARY DEVICES.

APPL|cATloN FILED 1AN.5.19\5. 1 ,298,622. Patented Mar. 25,1919.

v 1o SHEETS-SHEET 5.

mmm w y mmm ,wm

G. M. YORKE & G. R. BENJAMIN.` A MEANS FOR SYNCHRQNIZINGHOTARY DEVICES.

Patented Mar.4 25, 1919.

' 1o SHEETS-SHEET 6;

r F i? mwm 2 3 1 Mmmm Si Emi,

APPLICATION FILED`1AN. 5, 1915.

yPatented Mar. 25, 1919.

lo SHEETS-[SHEET 1.

G. M. YORKE 6Ly G. R. BENJAMIN. MEANS FOR sYNcHRoNlzmG RoTAY DEVICES.

APPLlcATloN FILED JAN.5.1915.

Patented Mar.' .1919.

l() SHEETS-SHEET 8.

Nw ll-lllirll 55cm v mv.

\\ E mman Patented Marf 25,1919.

"linnn by 'Y APPLlcAnoN FILED Mul-5,1915

G M YORKE& G R BENIAMIN MEANS FORA sYNcHRoNlZl-NGKROTARY DEVICES.

i' y 'UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

' EOiiGE ivi` YOEKE, OE NEW YORK, N. Y., AND GEORGE R. BENJAMIN, OE JERSEY CITY,

NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY', OF NEW `YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION F NEW YORK.

MEANSJFOR SYNCHRONIZING ROTARY DEVICES.

Application filed January 5, 1915. Serial No. 654.`

To alli/)hom t may concern,"

kBe it known that we, (l

ctizensof the United States of America,l

have invented certain new and useful Means for synchronizing Rotary Devices, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to means for syn? chronizing a plurality of rotary members,

` and is particularly intended 'and adapted for use in so-called synchronous telegraph' .or signaling systems, though also applicable for other purposes, as, for example, the syiichronizing of electric generators and motors. However, since our invention is 'prnnarily intended for the synchronizing of distribliters or commutators of multiplex telegraphsystems, it will be described herein as einbodied in such a system, `butwithout anyintention on Aour part of thereby limiting our invention to use in multiplex telegraph. systems; and while. we describe hereinafter ouriiivention as applied to a multiplex telegraph system of the so-called Baudot type,

and toa system wherein one conductor of the line circuit is a metallic 'conductor` we do not intend therebyto limit our invention either to telegraph systems of the socalled Baiidot type.` or to telegraph systems wherein one conductor of the line circuit is a metallic conductor; the invention being equally applicable to so-called radio-telegrapliy, Wliei'ein current waves are transmitted through the air or ether or other agency tha n' a telegraph Wire.

'lelegraph systems such as' that iii connection with which our invention is liereinillustrated and described, comprise two or more distributers or commutators with means for maintaining syiicbronism. Each telegraph character consists of a plurality of current impulses ('5 impulses for eachchaiacter, in the particular system herein described), the necessary distinctions between the several cliaractersbeing obtained by causing one or `more of the current impulses of each character to be of opposite sign VOr direction or polarity from the other impulses of that character; the resulting reversals of,curren't sign affording the number of` permutations necessary for the distinction of the several letters of the alphabet, punctuation signs,

and special signals for the Operation of the' various parts of the transmitting and receiv-' ing apparatus. f

In systems such as referred to it is essential that the distributers or commutators shall rotate or move in .substantial synchro- Patented Mar. 25, 1919.

nism; and heretofore, at least in the Baiidotsystem, it has been the-common practice to provide s ecial divisions of the commutators for e ecting synchronization, the transmitting and receiving apparatus being synchronized once in each complete rotation,

provided synchronization is required. Ac-A cording to our invention, we dispense With the separate divisions of the commutators, heretofore provided, particularly in the Baudot syst-ein, for effecting sy'nclironization, and insteadwe employ means whereby each reversal of current sign, employed in the transmission of characters or other signals, is available'e for synchronization 'or correction (the terni correction being the term commonly employed vin the art, and

being the term hereinafter employed, with reference to the establishment or reestablish* ment of synchronism between the transmit-' ting and receiving apparatus). Thereby we. materially increase the effective speed of transmission, and also materially simplify the apparatus besides obviating the Otherwise numerous opportunities for errorsin transmission and making it possible to maintain constantly very-accurate synchronisin `and to bring the' transmitting and receiving apparatus into accurate synchronism, both as to speed and as to phase, very quickly, when the apparatus is started up. Our'invention consists, therefore, in improved synchronizing means; particularly synchronizing means wherein each reversal of line .cur-v4 rent or polarity is available for coii'ectioii"; though variops portions ofthe apparatus embodying our invention are adaptable yfor use in systems wherein synchronization is effected otherwise than by each current re versal or reversal of polarity.

l. Every change of sign of the signaling impulses, or, in systems Operatmgby curf y This improved correcting means .affords the following import-ant advantages:

rent pulses of one direction only, every change of current strength, provides a possible correction moment. f

2. Atthis correction moment the correcting devices will be operated if the correction isrequired, and will not be operated if the correction is not required.

3. As the telegraph signals consist of va.- rious combinations of positive and negative impulses, or, in systems operating by current impulses of one direction only, of vavrious combinations ofimpulses of diiferent strength, or of impulses and spaces, many correction moments are available during each revolution of the distributor brushes.

, 4. Because of -the foregoing characteristics'ofoiir system, no special correcting iingraininatically pulses are required. n

f The objects of our invention are to maintain accurate synchronism constantly; to avoid errors in transmission or in operation offthe apparatus due'to lack of perfect synchronism'; to bring the transmitting and receiving apparatus into synchronism and proper phase relation very quickly,L when the apparatus is started up; to increase the effective speed of transmission; to simplify the apparatus employed; to make it very easy to operate the apparatus; and in general to make the apparatus relatively simple and easy of comprehension and to avoid opportunity for derangement.

We will now proceed to describe our invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In said drawings: 1c (which together configure) illustrate diaa system and apparatus einbodying our invention and comprising two transmitting and receiving sets at each end of the line With one synchronizing apparatus for the combined distributing and re ceiving commutators of the line, certain parts ofthe apparatus being shown fragmentarily and in perspective and more or less schematically; Fig. 1 showing the prin- Figures la, 1 and stitute one complete cipal circuits and apparatus at one end ot' i 0 tion .the line, Fig. 1b

' of the yat one end or' the line.

vticular, certain of the a front elevation of the correction apparatus frection by once, omitted and Fig.l 4sliows of the disti'ibuter itself, its support and its gear 12 being omitted.

Fig. 5" is a diagrammatic view showing distributors at the two ends of a line, and showing two transmitters operating through one channel of communication ot the two distributers; other possible channels of communication of the two' distributors being vacant. y

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view-showing distributers at tlietwo ends of a line, and showing two transmitters operating through different channels of communication of the distributors, and. each operating by currents of one direction only. l.

Fig. is a diagrammatic view of receiving and correction apparatus, at one end of a line, showing means for correcting by both acceleration and distributer. n Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 except that the correcting relays are shown as controlling different means from that employed in Fig. 7, for effecting acceleration or retardation 'ofv the receiving distributor.

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 7, except that different means are shown for control ling the localy correcting relays.

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 except that the correcting'relays control the distributor motor in the manner indicated in Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is 4a view "similar to Fig. that means is shown for in one sense only,

retardation of the receiving 7, except effecting correction and for. effecting that cormeans of current impulses of altei'initely opposite sign produced by the action of the main line rela Figs. 12-15 inclusive illustrate 'means for control, according to our invention. of the correcting means of the well known Baudet distributer, Fig. 12 being a diagram illustrating means for the control of the stop pin magnets of the distributer; Fig. 13 being a fragmentary vlongitudinal sectional elevation of the correcting mechanism of the Baudetfdistributer; Figfli being a diagrammaticclevation of the gearing of the Baudot distributer, and Fig. 15 being 'a front elevation of one of the correcting mag- -nets, andy associated-parts, such as may be used when ouryinvention is applied to the Baudotdistributer. `A Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an electrical lock-uu ior relaysR1*R5.

'eferring n'rst toFigs. la and 1b: D1 (Fig. la) and D2 (Fig. 1") designate transinittingand receiving distributors or coi-fimutators, D1 being located yat one end of the line and D2 being located at the other end of the line, the two disti-ibuters being similar. In Fig. 1*L distributer D1 is shown twice; developed, in the iippei' central portion cfthe figure, and again, in perspective and in connection'with its driving motor (but without circuit connectioi'is'or brushes) in the upper left hand side of the figure; and in Fig. 1b distributer D2 is also shown, developed, While in Fig.1C distributer D2 is shown in perspective, in connection With the `driving motor and correction apparatus, but e Without circuit connections or brushes.

Each 0f the distributers Dl and D2 com. prises a plurality of rings (8 rings in the construction shown) which are connected in pairs by suitablebrushes, one :ring of each' pair being segmented and one ring of each pair being plain or continuous. Rings S1 and RGl form one pair rings, of which ring S1 is segmented, these rings being connected 'by brushes B Rl; these two rings and their brushes being employed forlreceiving. Rings .l

. S2-#and HG2 form anotherpair of rings of 'control as hereinafter described of the automatic transmitting apparatus, and other local purposes, and are connected by brushes T1 and T2 in Fig. l, designatesimilar i. automatic transmitting apparatus, arranged to be controlledfbya suitable perforated tape, such as the tape TS shown in connection with T2. Each comprises a plurality of current reversing transmitting contacts (in the construction shown, live such sets of transmitting contactsK1,= K2, K3, K4 and K5) each connected as hereinafterdescribed by an appropriate conductor to a correspondingly numbered segment of transmitting ring S3 ofthe corresponding distributer.

`In Fig. lf another similar automatic trans-v shown in Fig. l still another automatic`v mittinfr apparatiisTB is' shown, and it is tobe u'nderstood that in connection with what j transmitting apparatiis, which if shown might be designated 'by character T4, is

lused, only circuit connections for this fourth tion with the present invention, We'havey 1 schematically" only, and only to such extent vas seems to be desirable for t-he description miV transmitter. being shovvn.

of'the present invention; and as varioustape operated transmitting` apparatiisare known in the-art and may employed in connecill'ustrated`the transmitting apparatus of the .apparatus embodying' the present in'- vention. Indeed, ordinarycurrent reversing hand+operated transmitting keys might be employed in lieu ofthe several transmitting f 4contact. devices K1 drawings.

y lThe particular` tape-controlled transmitting apparauts T1 or T2 or T3 etc., illustrated, forms no portion n l i5 ofeach'transinitterr' and automatic apelepgitrolled ltrbalnsinittingt;

devices are illustrated in Figs. 1IL and 1b merely `|because some such automatic transmitting devices are commonly employed,

and must, apparently, be employed, in order to obtain the desired high rate of'transmis' sion, onland line circuits at least.

` We have indicated dynamo generators Gl and G2, for'supplying line current, for`each transmitter, the polarities of thse generators being opposite, as is commony when dynamo generators are employed for supplying line current-'to a telegraph line however, thgY particular means for 'supplying current fo the line is unimportant, 'as is the particular means employed for supplying .current of one dft-'For the other to the line,

as desired'.

One complete set ,of synchronizing apparatus is all that is required for one circuit, however many transmitting and receiving Vsets may be operated over that circ-uit.'

-ML, ML designate main line-Av relays, of

which there is one at each end ofline L, and

CL designates a correctingvrelay, shown in this instance as connected in series with the corresponding main line relayV ML. Ra and Rb (Fig. 1b) designate other correcting ree lays, controlled by relay GL Aas hereinafter described. R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 designate selecting relays, of which there-is one set foi" each channel of communication, said selecting relays being connected tol corresponding segments numbered 1-5 inclusiveA of ring S1 of distributers'Dl and D2; which. relays Rl-R5 inclusive are, in practice, employed for the control of an electro-magnetically voperated mechanical selecting device of a telegraph printer, itself not otherwise indicated in the drawings. Telerraphprinters `comprising electromagnetical y controlled mechanicaly selecting devices adapted for 'control by a bank of relays such as'Rl-R5 inclusive, are Well known in the art, and` hence it is not thought necessary to illustrate such a printer, or the mechanical/selecting apparatus thereof, in the accompanying We commonly drive the brush structures of the distributors at the tWo ends of the line by solcalled LaCour Wheels PW (Figs.

i-ifi 1a and 1c), each Vmounted to rotate'upon a Y. shaft IWl. andhaving suitableteeth and also two pairs of electromagnets DMI and DME the magnets ofV each pair being conf l nected ingsei'ies.y Vhc'LaCour Wheel is itself a Well known form ofl electric motor, of Which it is only necessary to say heie ,that

its nature. is such that if thee/magnetsgDMI and DM2 be energized and denergivzed lin alternation, and if the Wheel PW' begonce startedin rotation, a speedcorrespoiidin tinuefinfrotation at such "(with respect't'o Athe",If1'uI1f1.ber of itsnteeth to the speed ofenergigation and deneigiza-f ,15 nectedtolshaft PWl, Vbut connected to that kinfluence4 of the said magnets; the LaCour motor being particularly suitable'for present purposes, since its speed of rotationln practice corresponds exactly tothe rate, at which the operating magnets are energized and denergized, and it this rate of energization motor for driving the distributer brushes. The brush structure of each dlstrlbuter 1sV i mounted upon another shaft DS'l (which, in

the case ,of the distributor D2, which is arranged to be corrected, is not directly conshiit't llVl through gearing, as hereinafter described.)

-In general,` correction apparatus is re? quired at one end of the line only. Ve have shown no, correction apparatus for the distributer. D1 in Fig. 1a but have shown such correction` apparatus for distributer D2, in

Fig. 1";,\ for which reason the distributer D2, and LaCour motor therefor, are shown on a largeiscale 1n Fig. 1, than the illustratlon of the corresponding parts ot distributer ,D1 in Fig. 1*?. However, it will be understood that it is quite practicable, and in some casesy convenient, to provide correction apparatus for both distrlbuters, though the correction apparatus of only one distributer will be in luse at any one time, ordimuily.l The construction of the correction apparaL tus of distributor D2, shown in Fig. 1- and` Figs-B and 4, is as follows:

yUpon shaft PVVl is mounted the frame C, (see particularly Figs. 3 and l) carrying magnets M1 and M2 (two such magnets are shownin the construction illustrated. though one magnet is all that is required, itbeing preferable to use two `magnet-s, upon oppo-- site sides of the axis of rotation, in order thatgt-he structure., may be in rotativey balance) and current is transmitted to these magnets through contact rings M3, Ml and M7 uponshaft P`W1, and correspoinling brushes M5, MG and M8. F rame C carries a shaft 10 upon which is mounted ,a gear 11 intermeshing witha gear 12 on shaft DS.,` vOnshaft1Otliere is alsoa ratchet-wheel 13 engaged normally by the springactliated pawl 14 mounted upon the rocking armature leverln -common to the two magnets M1 and M2, the frame It will be clear that., with the frame C in rotation, andjvith the ratchet wheel 13 held by the pawl 1l, as hereinafter described, (rotation of the shaft PlVl and frame C will be communicated through geais 11 and r12, tothe shaft-DS, and the ring structure' of the,l distributer A spring jockeyJv bea-rs agaii'ist'fthe .periphery of ratchet wheel`13 and prevents. sa id ratchet wheel from rturning with respect to frame which armature is pivoted toI .C except as such ratchet wheel is actuated 'by the pawl 1l. A contact arm 1G is pivoted to the frame and is adapted to play between stop 17vand contact stop 18; and a spring jockey 19, bearing againstl the wedge-shaped end of contatct arm 16, tends to hold such contact arm against. the one stop or the other.' This Contact arm 16 is actuated from armature lever 15 by means of a link :20 provided with two nuts, 2l and :22, onl opposite sides of said armlG, there being. sclne play between such nuts and arm, providing a; certain amount of lost motion'in the operation offthearm 1G. i l

Assuming the LaCour wheel PTV yto be Iin rotation, it will be clear thatas it rotates it. drives shaft. IWl. and thence, through frame C, shaft 1() (held stationary with reference to frame yC b vi'atclict wheelLlS, pawl 11, andljockey J) gear ll and gear l2, drives shaft DS, and so drives thebrush structureof distributer D2, (which brush struc-- ture is not shown in Fig. 1, but is shown in Fig. 2,). If now the circuit ot' magnets M1 andv M2 ,be closed,momentarily, it will be apparent that armature lever 15 will be attracted and` will move the pawl 11, thereby moving the ratchet wheel 13 through the space ot' one toothgvwhich motion of ratchet wheel 13 with relation to frame C is trans mitted through shaft 10, gears 11 and 12 and shaft DS to the brush structure of distributer D2, and will move such brush strucshaft llV 1.

As will be explained hereafter, in the synchronizing arrangement indicated in Figs. 121" and 1, the LaCour motor driving distributor D2 has normally a speed very slightly in excess of the normal speed of the Latour motor driving distributer D1; consequently the brushes of distributer D2 constantly tend to advance in phase with rcspect to the brushes of distributer Dlt; and as will be evplained hereafter, such slight advance in phase of brushes'of distrilmter D2 with reference tothe brushes ofdistributer D1 is corrected"from time to time, by the stepping back ofsuch brushes of disiributer D22-by the action of the. magnets `M1 andEUQ',-thepawl 1-l ainlfratchet wheelI is commonl)- termed ,clock'.

for correcting' the set` 1 of a-clock ,during ythe "running vof theA movement of thatf'cloclr.

ture backward slightly with reference to The correction mechanism above described correction, for example, over correction by varying the speed of a.k driving motor; one advantage being that the correction isy i,nstantaneous.

The several tape controlled transmitters Tl, T2 and T3, etc., being of the sameconstruction, we will describe only one of them.

The contacts K1, K2, etc., of the automatic tape-controlled transmitting devicesl each comprise a contact tongue 23 mounted upon a spring actuating rocking lever 24t and two contact stops, 25 and 26.; of which contact stops, those numbered 25 are connected to generator G2, and those numbered 2G are connected to generator G1, while the contact tongues 23 are each connected by a conductor k1, k2, etc., to the corresponding segment, 1, 2, etc., of distributer ring S3. Each such transmitting devicev is provided with an electromagnet TM. The distributer ring S4 is provided with segments corresponding to the segments of distributer ring S3 and to one of these segments of ring ,S4 (any one of those segments, so long as git is a segment spaced well away angularly from the segments 1'-5 inclusive of ring S3 to which the corresponding transmitter is connected) is connected a conductor 27 leading through the magnet TM to. groundat 28. The circuit of conductor 27, in the other direction, passes through that particular segment of ring S4 to which it is con- 1ected,'and through brush BR4 (when that )rush is in contactwith'such segment of `ing S4) to ring RG4 and thence through 'onductor 29 and battery 30, or other suita- )le source of currentl supply, to ground at il. 32 designates a ivoted armature for magnet TM, upon whlch is mounted a plate 3 adapted to engage lugs 34 on a plurality f pins 35 the upper ends of which pins are dapted to enter corresponding perforaions in the tape TS. There is' one spch in 35 for each of the keys K1-K5 inlusive; and each of the pins 35 is provided 'ith av further lug 36 against which rests ormally the end of the corresponding rockig lever 24 of the corresponding transmitng key Kl-K inclusive. These rocking vers are provided with springs. 37tend g to depress them. Each pin 35 rests at s lower end, upon a pivoted lever 38 hav' g a spring 39, tending to raise that lever; esprings 39 being adjusted to be some- ;iat stronger than the springs 37. A furer spring actuated`\ rocking lever 40 is ovided, this lever being arrangedto be gaged by armature 32, when that arma- 4 re isattracted, thereby moving lever 40 ainst the` tension of its spring 41; and s lever 40 carries a projection 42 adapted to engage a star wheel '43 and `move the' same forward step byfstep. The star wheel is larranged to engage the-'central row of perforations`44 of tape TS, inthe manner wel] known in the art, and -thereby to 'advance such tape step by step. It will be seen from the above explanation-that the operation of the transmitting apparatus is as follows: Supposing the segment of distributer ring S4 to which conductor 27 is connected (the segment numbered 9 inFig.

1) to make contact with brush BH4,

circuit is thereby completed from grpund, through conductor 28, magnet TM, conductor 27, segment 9 of ring S4, brush BH4, ring RGL, conductor 29, battery 30, to ground at 31; the armature 32 being there byfattracted and caused to engage the lug 34 of'any pin or pins 35 which may just previously have been in elevated position, thereby clearing the transmitter, freeing the pins 35 from the tape TS, and-causing the lever 40-42 to advance the star wheel 43 one step, and thereby to advance'the tape TS one step. As soon' as the said segment 9 of ring S4 leaves the brush BR4, the circuit through magnet TM is broken and.

armature/32 is released, such of the pins 35 as may be beneath perforations of the tape TS in the new position of thattape, being permittedto rise, under the, inuence of their springs 39; and when such pins rise they carry upward with them the armature 32, also their corresponding key-levers 24, so shifting the contact tongues 23 ofthose levers into contact with the corresponding back stops 26; whereby a new set of contacts is set up in the transmitter, the

particular contacts so set up corresponding to the particular row of erforations of tape TS then over the pins 35. W'hen, during the rotation of brush BH3 over rings S3 and RG3, of distributer D1, said brush BB3 contacts with that set of segments'l*5 inclusive of rings S3, corresponding to the transmitter T1 or T2 under consideration, positive lor negative current impulses: will be transmitted. through line L accordinor as the contact tongues K1K 5 inclusive, electrically connected to such segments 1-5 inclusive of ring S3, are 'in contact with their rear stops 25 or with their front stops 26. After brush BB3 has passed over such segments 1 5 inclusive of ring S3, brush BH4 makes contact with segment 9 of ring S4, and thereby magnet TM is again energized, its armature 32 1s depressed, carrying down with it those. pins 35 which previously had been elevated, thus clearing the v'transmitter and freeing the tape TS, which is again advanced one step actuation of the star -Wheel 43 Vby lever sEsT AvAiLABLe. om

eration of each transmitterTl and T2 and' of distributer 1 )1 is to send through. the -hne L, a succession oifive current impulses,

some ofl which will, in general, be'inegative impulses, and .others of wlnclrwill, in general, be positive impulses, the particular.-`

relative arrangement of positive and negative impulses in such series depending upon the particular lcharacter transniitted. Since each of the two transmitters shown in Fig. 1n is connected to a-difercnt quadrant of distributer D1, and since the two translmittel-s at the op'positeend of the line, conneetedto' distributer D2, areeonhected to qnad'rants'of that -distributer corresponding to theuquz'ulrantsof distributor D1 to which no transmitters vare connected, it follows that'during each rotation of the distributers a continuous 'series ofleurrent impulses 1s transmitted `-tlirough line L. some of such impulses .beingsV iu general, positive, and' 'others .ofI such impulses, being, in' general,

4negativef..'.Ihese current` impulses in line L willfactuate relays ML andCL. In F igs.

'1l and 1"*the'` 'armature' of these relays are `,shown V,1

` 'mediates tlrfr`f-contact stops; but 1n general suc "armature will be against onecontact stopgor the other, except at the instant of occurrence v.of la `current .reversal in the line,v at which. instant the armatures of,V relays,MLjandlCLL'pwill both more toward'` thefopposltestpnf The 'two vcontact stops of each of 'these relaysfML are com-r monlyp ply of opposite'"polarityj lVe will noW` describe=the connections of relays ML and CL in Fig. l", the connections offrelay ML in Fig. 1 being similar to Athose'of "relay ML inl Fig. l", no relay CLvbeingxrequiredfjn.Fig. l", since no correction devicefisshown. in connection with the distributer of Fig. 1a.

The. armature of relay ML is connected onnectedto sources of current sup- `by conductorp45 tearing HG1 ot distributor D2; and segments'lf-'inclusive of the corresponding ring S1 (these .segnuents 1 5A inclusive corresponding to one ot' the sets of segments '1.-5inclusive of ring S3 vof -distributer D1) are each connected, as previously explained, to a` correspomling relay of one relay bank Rl to R5 inch'isive.` These relays lil-R5 inclusive may be understood either to be polarized and so arranged to respond only to'eurrent pulses of one direction-in the particular arrangement shown, one bank to respond only tonegative iinpulses, theother to respond `only to positive pulses-orfmay be understood tol be nonpolarized relays provided witlrmeclianical or electrical lock-up .means of Asuch charac.- ter that Ieach relay, when actuated, remains locked until. subsequently released. Both arrangenxents are known. Supposing a negative current impulse inline L tomovc the armature of relay Ml.. of Figrlb to the lei't, while brush Bill of dist ibuter D2`is on one ot the segments l5 inclusive of ring El of hstribnter DQ, the corresponding relay of. bank itl-R5 inclusive will be actuated.

Fig. 1G shows oneV ii'cll known form of electrical lock-up means that may be elnployed in `connectimi with these relays R1-R5- For simplicity, in this figure, only rings RGl and S1, andRGl and S4 are shown. intermediate rings of the connnutator being omitted. lihen, during the pasy sage of the brush HP1 over segments of rings Sl connected to the magnets of relays lib-R5 inclusive, one of those magnets isV energized as above described, the corre-Y spending armatures of that magnet are atn `tracted; one oi' ilu-se armatures closes a local circuit frenia 4battery a. through the rear contact of a relay :r: and. theysaid armature and front contact of the relay so energized, to return; the magnet of such relay Vheilig thereby held energized. of brush lBB1 over the last of suc-h segments of ring Si, brush BH4 passes'over a segment of ring Si in circuit with the magnet After the passage of relay af, and therebya circuit is .comlileted'` from the battery y through the ina-guet ot'A such relay a', and the said segment of ring Si, brush BH4 and ring llGl, to ground. so momentarily1 energizing the magnet of relay a, attracting the armature. of that relay, and so breaking the holding circuit of relays lil-R5 inclusive, thereby clearing the bank of relays ll---lln Sir/'limi f 'o i2/:H0 n

As previously explained, distributers Dl and D2' must rotate. in sync-hromsm and 1n proper phase relation. The alternate enertwo distributers, some diterenin speed'will necessarily exist, necessitating correction to restore proper phase relation. lV; Wlll hereinafter describe means for correction :by j either advance, 11i-phase or retardation ln phase, as may be requircdgbut in the arrangement shown in Figs. l, 1* `and 1, 'cerfl reetion is etl'ected in one sense or direction l only, 'i'. 1'., in the arrangement shown, by retardation in phase. 'l`hereorc-, the tuning 105 gization of magnets DMI Aand DMQKO the d '1 that of distributer "D1, soV that frequentA slight retardation inphase of distributer D2v is required. Whilefas will appearhereinafter, it is quite practicable to provide means for correction by either advance or rretardation, or both, the apparatus is much simpli- `fled by driving the one distributer constantly 4at a speedslightly greater than that of the otherdistributer, and e'ecting correction by -frequent slight -adjustment of phase in one direction or sense only (in the construction shown, ,by retardation in phase).

As previously explainedbthearmature of relay. CL vibrates in unison with the armature of ML.` Supposing the armature of re-4 lay CL to move to the left, a circuit is completed 4from ground throughbattery 47 oiV other source of energy to the left stop of that relay,` through conductor 46 and the coils' ofy relay Rb to ground. There 1s an other circuit path Afrom conductor 46 through conductor 48, thel armature of relay Bb (when that arn'iature is in retracted pos1- tion) and conductor 49 to ring RG21of distributer D2, and'tlience through brush BH2, of that distribut'er, -to ring S2 of that`disi0 tributer-and thence through conduictorgOWagurcg'f'of Current Supply and thecoil's of relay Rato ground; also another circuit path, traced hereafteigL-'through conductor 51. If thetWo distributers-areinf proper vphase relationbrush-'wBB2 vWill 'he over one of the insulated 'divisions between 'the conductive segments Aofring S2.' at the Ainstant of each com letion of -circuit through conductor 4 6 and t rough the coils o'f relay Rb, and before brush BR2 'can have .passed i on to one of the conductive. segments of ring S2 relay Rb will have attracted its armature, y Y M2, in their energizedcondition; so that im.

so 'breaking theci'rcuit path to ring HG2. But if, at the instant offcompletionl of cirductor 49, ring HG2, brush B112, ring 'S2 and conductor 50 toconductorvl and thence (see Fig. 1) to conductor 51' of that 'figure (being an extension of conductorl of Fig.V

1")v to brush M8, ring M7 ,conductor 52, con tact stop 18, contact arm 1 6 (then incontact with contact stop-"18) .andaconductor-{J'B' to magnets M1 and M2 (connected -in parallel to vconductor 53) andtthence through 'the coils' of these vtwo .'magnets to conductor 54 (to which conductor the'two magnets are` i connected irrfparallel) and throughlring M3 to brush M5" and thence to ground at 55. f Magnets M1 and` M2 are very quick acting magnets and Ihence immediatelyA upon the' closing of the circuitjust traced, the arma# ture 15 of said magnets is attracted, 'causing pa'wl; 14 to operate upon ratchet wheel13 to 'step back' distributershaft DS' so as to ref.

store the brushes of distributer D2 to proper phase relation with thebrushes of distributor D1. Relay. Ra 1s a qui'clg acting relay; relay Rb is a slow acting relay; for example, it

may have, as indicated, a\f1eXible varmature which when in retracted pbsition, is slightly sprung, so that relay' Rb does'not break the circuit through` its rear contactr point forgan instant after the magnet' of relay R?) is enerf y gized. Beside the circuitpath from conductor 50 (Fig. 1b) leadin/gthrough conductor ductor 50 through conductor l56 and the magnet of relay lla to ground. The magnet of relay Ra' is therefore energized whenl mag-l nets M1 and M2 (Fig. 1c) are energized, and by the time these magnets M1and'M2'have begun to move their armature 15, andbefore relay RZ) has broken the circuit through coIi-'` ductor 48', 49 and 50,'leading to Amagnets M1 and'iM2on the-.one hand and to the magnet 'I of relay 1R@ on the other hand, tliis'relay Ra has"completed a circuit from'ground through 57 and conductor @58 to conductor of Fig. 1 (being a cony j tinuatioiiof conductor '58 of Fig; 1) and brush M6, ring M4 and conductor 59 to contact ar'inl'and thence 'through conductor 53,

magnets `M1 and M2, y-and conductor 54 to. 'ground at 55; and at the same time hasv com- -pleted contact. `tor 51, conductor 56and thence through the magnet of rela-y Re to ground, thus holdin relay'R and, consequently,magnets M1 ano mediately after the closing through the vco `n'r tacts of relay Rb of a-circuit through mag`` vnets M1 and M2 and the magnet of relay Ra.,

loty

a branch circuit via contact arm 16, 18, conductor 52,' brush M8, conducl causing one operationy of the phase restoring fmechanism, relay Ba closesY another circuit magnets M1 and M2, in-parallel, .preventing 'denergization'of these magnets until this holding circuit '.is broken at 15-18 fby the operation of the armature 15 of the correctf ing magnets M1 and M2; and when this holdingcircuit lis broken at such contacts 16--18, the magneto relay Ra is dene'rgizedas are the magnets M1 and M2. vThe relay Ra, in other Words, acts to'vhold closed the circuit through-the pawl magnets M1 and M2,u`ntil the pawl has completed its work of moving the ratchet wheel 13 one tooth. 1

iVhcn the armature 1 5 of magnets M1 and M2 is attracted and moved toward the poles of saidmagnets, it liftslinks 20, causing nuts y22 on tli'at'link` to raise Contact arm 16 and sotobreak contact With contact stop 18; but

,path'through itsown magnet and ythese same engagement of the wheel to another.

pole ot' this source of electrical owing to some play being provided between contact arm 16 and the nuts 22, contact is not broken between 16 and 18 until awl 14 has moved ratchet'wheel 13 through t ie space 5 of one tooth. Once contact has been broken l0 15 is retracted by its retractile spring 15a, and the nut 21 on link 20, above contact arm `1f5, forcescontact arm 16 downward past Jockey 19 into contact with Contact stop 18.

. ,Owing to lost motion between nut21 and 15 contact arm 16, said. {i1-m16 is not forcedv downward past jockey 19 into contact with contact stop 18, until pawl 14 is'in engagement with another tooth of the ratchet wheel 13. The contact 16-18, therefore, insures pawl 14 with another toot-h of the ratchet wheel before another stroke. ot' the arn'iature 15 begins, and so 'prevent back and forth'vibration of the pawl 14 without change from ln circuit conductors 5() and 51, and in circuit with the `agnet coils of relay Rb, we

v have indicated certain resistances R and R1 which serye'to facilitate the timing of the the action ot' 'magnets M1 and M2,

As previously stated the magnets DMl and DM2 which drive the phonic wheels llV of the LaCour motors of the two disaction ot' relays R7) and Ra with reference to' trihuters, are alternately energized and del energized by the operation of lelectrically driven tuning forks F the driving magnets ot' these tuning forks beingdesignated by reference character l? M. The "circuit 40 through the magnet FM is alternately closed and opened at the contacts 60 and 61, of

which 60 is a spring contact carricdby one tine ot' the fork F, 61 heilig au adjustable screw. The other tine ofthe lork I4` carries '45 aA springcontact 63 playing between two adjustable contact screws 61 and 65, of which 64 is connected to the magnets DMl'of the lia(`our motor, and' 65 is connected to magnets DM'Z ot' theLaCour motor. A source -ot' electric energy 66 has one pole connected electrically to the base of the fork, the other energy 66 being connected by conductork 69 to magnet l"M`,fand being also connected through con- 55 ductor 70 to magnets DMl and DM2 in parallel ;'the complete circuit for these magnets DMI and DM2 being from the source of energy 66 tlirough conductors 69 and 70 and through magnets DMl to conductor 71, and

thence tdcontact screw 64;- and from rconductor 70 through conductor 72, and magnets DM2 to conductor 7 3 andthence to contact screw 67 Itl wiilbc apparent that, as the fork l" vibrates under( the influence of magnet FM (alternately energized and dc- .while the fork is (in operation,

thescrew 67 1n or out, thus Varyingthe point one tooth ofthe ratchet energized in alternation, and at a rate corresponding to theziixed rate of Vibration of the fork F) magnets-DMI and DM2 will be energized and denergized alternately. The rate of vibration of the fork F is adjustable by means of weight masses 74, provided on the two tines of that fork, iny the familiar manner; also, some adjustment of the rate of vibration of the fork F may be made, by moving of engagement of the two buffer springs 68 wi'ththe tines ot' that fork.

To facilitate. the bringing of distributors D1 and `D2 intoproper phase relatio'riwhen starting up, we provide a hand -operated switch 7 5 (Fig. 1) and another .hand operated switch 7 6 (Fig. 1b). In the drawings these `switches 75 and 76 are shown in the positions occupied when the system is full operation. When starting up these two switches are thrown to the opposite position. Switch 75 has two connected switch arms of which arm 7 5a is connected tothe conductor 27 controlling the magnet TM of transmitter I T2, while the contact point 751) correspondconnected to that contact tongue 23 of transmitter T2 to which the contact segments to which such switch arm 750 is connected. In other words, normally, the switch arm 750 is interposed in t-hecircuit conductor (k1 in 4the arrangement show-n) leading from one contact tongue 23 of transmitter T2 to the corresponding contact segmentof ring S3. When the switch 7 5 isthrown to the right the 4arin 75C contacts with another contact point, 75e, connected to one'pole of o e' of generators G1 and G2, viz:-to thatgpole from which those current pulses are derlved which, during full` operatlon of the syst-em, effect motion ot' the armature of the main correcting relay CL from its normal position. l t will be seenthat when switch 75 is thrown to the right, a circuit is closed from generator (il through switch arm 7 5c to segment 1 ot ring S3 of distributer D1; the effect being the Vsame as it'` transmitter T2 were operated so as to Ihold the circuitfrorn generator (il through transmitter contact Klclosedpermanently; also, throwing of switch 75 to the right' closes ,circuit from operation of transmitter T2., For fpresent Qpurposes it may be assumed that, by prcarrangement, transmitter T1 1s not-lopeiated during the starting up period While distributers D1 and D2 'are being brought into proper phase relationg though in ypractice the switch 7 5 is caused to prevent the opera- .tion or transmitter T1 just as it prevents the -ing these transmitters from operating just f as transmitter T2 isy prevented from operating. e l It Will be observed that all but one of conductive segments of ring S2 of distributer D2 (Fig. 1) are normally connected through switch 7 (5 to conductor 50; the one segment ot' ring S2 not so connected to conductor 50 through switch 7 6 being that conductive segment of ring S2 which corresponds to that segment 1 ot ring S3 of distributer D1 (Fig. 1) to which switch arm 7 5 is permanently connected; and this one conductive segment ot' ring S2 of distributer D2 is perinanently connected to conductor 50. When switch 76 is opened, the effect is toA leave only one segment of the ring S2 of distributer D2 connected to conductor 50, that one segment of ring S2 being the segment corresponding to segment numbered 1 .of the corresponding quadrant of ring S3`of distributer D1. In other words, by throwing switches 75 and 76 to whatv may be called the starting position each complete rotation of distributer D1 can effect only. one

7 current reversal in the main line circuit L,

and this one current reversal can produce only one operation of correcting relay (Fig. 1") t'or each rotation of distributer D1; from wliichit follows that, during the starting up period, there will be no opera tion ot" the correcting apparatus of, distribute-r D2 illust-rated in Fig. 1, until, due to the ditterent speeds at which distributers D1 and D2 are driven, brush BH2 of distributor D2 is in contact with that conducnently connected to conductor 50 at the instant when brush BRS of distributor D1 is in contact with segment 1 ofthe corresponding quadrant ot' ring S3 ofv that distributer D1. In general, such simultaneous contacts in the two distributer's will occur at a tiniewhen the two distributers are still not in pei-tert phase relation, and there* tore such simultaneous contacts will cause the operationo-t the correcting apparatus of distributor D2 (Fig. 1C) whereby the two distributors will be brought into more p ertert phase relation. Tt' the firstroperation Simioperation of the `transmitters T3 and T4 at In practice,

' tive pulses.

S2 which is perina-v the. operation ot' those of the correcting apparatus does not bring the two distributers intoy perfect phase relation, succeeding` operations of tlia-t correcting apparatus, during succeeding rotations oit' the two distributers, will soon bring the two distributers into perfect phase relation, and thereupon the operator at the station shown in Fig. 1" maytlirow the switch 76 back to its normal position'showii, and the that stationinay be begun; which operation will vcause the operation of the selecting relays at the station indicated 'in Fig. l, and thus will notify the operator at station la that the two distributers are in proper phase relation and that switch 7.5 may be -throvvn back to its'normal position shown; whereupon the operation Yof transmitters T1 and T2 may be started.

the transmitters connected to successive quadrants of the distributors effeet their marking signals by currents of different polarities; that is to say, since transmitter T3 in Fig. 1b 'is connected to a quadrant. ot' distributer D2 next succeeding,4 in its connection to the linecircuit 15th@ quadrant of distributor D1 to which niitter T 2 is connected, the marking pulses'.

of transmitter T3 w'll be positive pulses, whereas those of transmitter T2 are nega- Similarly, the marking pulses of transmitter T1 and of transmitter T4;` (the latter indicated but not shown) will be of opposite polarity. This insures at least three current reversals per revolution of the two distributers at the end of the starting up period, and. after switch 76 hasbeen thrown back to normal position, even though neither of the ,transmitters at the' station shown in Fig. l the sending ot' messages immediately upon the throwing of switch 76 back to normal position; and three reversals in main line l circuit L per revolutionof the two Vdistributers, well spaced apart, are, in general, quite 110 L during each rotation of the two distribu- 115 tors, such reversals being `equally spaced apart, and being amply sufficient to maintain the two dis'tributers in proper `phase relation, even though none of the transmitters be operated.

Since, during the operation of the transmitters, each current reversal produced by transmitters.- affords an opportunity for the operation of the correction apparatus. it' phase correction is re- '125 maintained quired, the two distributors are very perfectly indeed, in proper phase relation during the tull operationxofthe appa-l ratus.

In Figs. l,

be lactually operated for 1b and 1c we have illustrated 13Gv a system wherein, although each distributer has four quadrants, only two of these quadrants are utilized for transmission -in one direction, the other two quadrants being Vutilized for transmissionin the opposite direction; in other words, there` are four channels of communication. VVehave selected this arrangement of apparatus as being the 'arrangement which permits illustration ot' our correction method and apparatus most simply `inj'a system wherein provision is made forsimultaneous transmission iii-both directions. However, in practice we lprefer to utilize all quadrants of each distributcr for transmission, in which ease, with the disi l tributers constructed as shown, there would be four transmitters for eacli`dis'tribi1ter, simultaneous transmission being effected in both directions by use in the line circuit of any of the well known `systems of duplex telegraphyffor example, ther Stearnes dupleX, or the Wheatstone bridge duplex, thus v giving eight channels of communication. It l Y 1s well known that the Baudet system may he duplexed by well known duplexing methods, and of course the same is true of the modification of the Baudet system kcoinprised in our invention.

being divided in the quadrants, for the op-` eration of; four transmitters at each endet the line, maybe divided for the operation of l a greater 0r a less number.of'transniitters at each end ofthe line; this being` a well known characteristic of Baudet systems.

1t is possible, according to our system, to ave the signaling impulses va ry iii-strength as well as in direction', without Aany interference with maintenance of synchronisn'i. hereby it becomes possible, by applications of Well known. principles of multi plexv telegraphy to great-ly increase the number ot, transmitters per line.

This is illustrated in Fig. 5,-which shows distributers D10v and D24 (which areentirely similar tothe distributers Dl aid D2 of Figs. l*l and 1, ex?l cept inthe o a respect hereinafter noted) .a-nd'shows, two transmitters `Tla` and` TM, both connected-to the same quadrant of ring s .S3l of distributer Dla.'l For simplicity, in Fig. 5 we have shown the circuits arranged fortransmission only from distributer D111l to distiibuter D211; thatis to say, we have indicated transmit-ters connected to distributer Dla only, and have indicated receiving apparatus connected to distributer D20 only; also for. the sake of simplicity in illustration, we have indicated only one of the quadrants of distributer DM as used for ',transmissiou, and have-indicated only'one quadrant of distributcr D211, asy used for reception. It will be understood, however,

Athat a further group tot' two transniitters maybe connected `to a'further quadrant of distributer Dla, and a further group of two Also, it will be understood that the distributers, instead of sets of selecting relays RlfR inclusive.

may be connected to aI further quadrant of distributergDQ/l.; thecircuits being a mere duplication of the circuits already shown in Fig. 5; alsojas previously explained with `reference to Figs. 121", and le, transinittin however, certain resistances |/c1a`lc5a are interposed for a reason hereinafter stated. Transmitter TM is also similar to the other transmitter, except that its contact stops 25 and 2G are not. directly connected to generators, rear contact stops being` connected through IeakcOnductors 11th-'55 and leak resistanees ilcMe to ground, and rear `contact stops 26 being connected to conductor ?1-"5 inclusivein advance of resistances Vela-'70%,' while contact tongues ottransmitter TM are connected to condut-tors /rl`lrc5 beyond resistances lila-Mica l t will be seen tliatiiiFjig-5 the transmitters "TZa and Tlc are cannected in parallel to the corresponding vquadrant of ring S3; that when all of the transmitting contacts of transmitter 'llrt are in the position shown (the position for spacing impulses) the current impulses transmitted from either `generator G1 or G2 ,are weakened by passage: through resistances eltt`lfla, and by diversion or leakage of current to ground through resistances lele- 7050; but that when any contact ot' transmitter Tla is operated .toi-v a. markingimpulse, the corresponding resistance ot' seiies'l:la`.1lv5a is cut out, and the circuitto the corresponding leak is interrupted, that the current impulse from the ;eiiei'ator-l (il is transmitted to and through the' line without reduction `instrength at transmitter Tlc. In a word, transn'iitter Ta operatesto reverse polarity in the line, and transmitter Tlc operates to vary the strength ot' the current impulses in the line. It will b transmitters Ta and Tla operate just as -do `the two transmitters at one end of an ordinary quadruplex telegraph line. Whilewe have shown the transmitter Tla as operatingto via-ry the strength of continl of resistances' and leaks, itwill be the line impulses by obvious that other well known ineans'for causing the neutral or .n'on-polarl transmitter to vary the strength of the line vimpulses may be employed, as in ordinary quadruplex telegraphy; the leak larrangeerecognized that the two 4 

